The most important lesion observed at necropsy of the cockatoo was a multifocal necrotic hepatitis. The death of the cockatoo was closely related to the arrival of a group of 10 green iguanas (Iguana iguana) at a pet shop, and no previous clinical signs were observed in the cockatoo. Orós, J RodrÃguez, J L Fernández, A Herráez, P Espinosa de los Monteros, A Jacobson, E RĪ case of fatal hepatitis in a captive sulfur crested cockatoo (Cacatua galerita galerita) in which Salmonella arizonae was microbiologically and immunohistochemically detected is described. Simultaneous occurrence of Salmonella arizonae in a sulfur crested cockatoo (Cacatua galerita galerita) and iguanas. With a robust set of genetic markers and methodologies in place, we aim to broaden our population databases to include other cockatoo species of conservation concern. Our cockatoo population databases are the first of their kind in Australia, and demonstrate the efficacy of such approaches to identify such illegal activity. These genetic investigations highlight the significance and statistical confidence of DNA profiling and associated databases for endangered taxa, such as exotic birds. The third case determined the number individual white-tailed black- cockatoos allegedly shot at a fruit grower's orchard from body part remains. For the second case, we utilized our provenance population database (nest sites), and identified the kinship and geographic origin of a white-tailed black- cockatoo, which was illegally harvested from the wild. In one case, we matched a red-tailed black- cockatoo nestling to a tree hollow from which it was poached through the use of DNA from eggshell recovered from the nest. Through the prior development of 20 polymorphic microsatellite loci and population databases for white- and red-tailed black- cockatoos, the tools are available to conduct high-resolution paternity and individual identity testing. These cases involve suspected poaching and illegal killing of endangered red- and white-tailed black- cockatoos. Here we report on three forensic case studies involving black- cockatoos (Calyptorhynchus spp.) endemic to Australia. Parrots and cockatoos are highly prized aviary birds and the demands for such species has fuelled their illegal trade and harvest from the wild. White, Nicole E Dawson, Rick Coghlan, Megan L Tridico, Silvana R Mawson, Peter R Haile, James Bunce, Michael All rights reserved.Īpplication of STR markers in wildlife forensic casework involving Australian black- cockatoos (Calyptorhynchus spp.). When the molecular evidence is analysed in concert with morphology, it is clear that many of the cockatoo species' diagnostic phenotypic traits such as plumage colour, body size, wing shape and bill morphology have evolved in parallel or convergently across lineages. A detailed multi-locus molecular phylogeny enabled us to resolve the phylogenetic placements of the Palm Cockatoo (Probosciger aterrimus), Galah (Eolophus roseicapillus), Gang-gang Cockatoo (Callocephalon fimbriatum) and Cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus), which have historically been difficult to place within Cacatuidae. We hypothesize that this environmental transformation was a driving force behind the diversification of cockatoos. The early to middle Miocene (20-10 Ma) was a significant period in the evolution of modern Australian environments and vegetation, in which a transformation from mainly mesic to xeric habitats (e.g., fire-adapted sclerophyll vegetation and grasslands) occurred. Our data shows Cacatuidae began to diversify approximately 27.9 Ma (95% CI 38.1-18.3 Ma) during the Oligocene. In addition, five novel mitochondrial genomes were used to estimate time of divergence and our estimates indicate Cacatuidae diverged from Psittacidae approximately 40.7 million years ago (95% CI 51.6-30.3 Ma) during the Eocene. We investigated the phylogeny of cockatoos based on three mitochondrial and three nuclear DNA genes obtained from 16 of 21 species of Cacatuidae. However, the evolutionary history of cockatoos is not well understood. White, Nicole E Phillips, Matthew J Gilbert, M Thomas P Alfaro-Núñez, Alonzo Willerslev, Eske Mawson, Peter R Spencer, Peter B S Bunce, MichaelĬockatoos are the distinctive family Cacatuidae, a major lineage of the order of parrots (Psittaciformes) and distributed throughout the Australasian region of the world. The evolutionary history of cockatoos (Aves: Psittaciformes: Cacatuidae). We investigated the phylogeny of cockatoos based on thr. Gilbert, TomĬockatoos are the distinctive family Cacatuidae, a major lineage of the order of parrots (Psittaciformes) and distributed throughout the Australasian region of the world. The evolutionary history of cockatoos (Aves: Psittaciformes: Cacatuidae)
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